Partition of India
Section 1: History
Map of India in 1945
The partition of India took place during 1947 when India finally
gained its independence from the British. This ended nearly 350 years of the British ruling in India. The northern section of India which had the greatest population of Muslims became the nation of Pakistan, while the southern section of India which had the greatest population of Hindus became the Republic of India. However, the partition caused a massive migration of over ten million people and approximately one million civilians died in the riots and fighting which occurred mainly in the western region of Punjab which was divided in two by the border.
One reason for the partition of India was because of Mohammed Ali Jinnah, leader of the Muslim League, wanted to win greater power for the Muslims. However, the idea of ‘Pakistan’ was only thought of during the late 1930s. Another reason for the partition is because of the quick withdrawal of the British that might have caused some civil problems. Pakistan celebrated its independence on 14th august, 1947 and India on 15th August 1947. The border of the two states was only announced on 17th august. Many communities, families and farms were divided in two, but since the British delayed the announcement, they managed to avoid holding responsibility for the chaotic fighting and mass migration that had shortly followed. On January 30, 1948, Gandhi was assassinated by a young Hindu for his support of a multi-religious state while Mohammed Ali Jinnah died on September 11, 1948.
Since August 1947 until now, India and Pakistan have fought many wars over territory distributions. There were major wars and one was a minor war. The border of Jammu and Kashmir is now disordered because these regions were not formally part of the British Raj in India. However, the ruler of Kashmir agreed to join India even though having a high Muslim population in his territory, resulting in constant warfare even to this day. This conflict has claimed thousands of lives and millions of dollars, but is at least closer to a solution now than at any time since independence.
gained its independence from the British. This ended nearly 350 years of the British ruling in India. The northern section of India which had the greatest population of Muslims became the nation of Pakistan, while the southern section of India which had the greatest population of Hindus became the Republic of India. However, the partition caused a massive migration of over ten million people and approximately one million civilians died in the riots and fighting which occurred mainly in the western region of Punjab which was divided in two by the border.
One reason for the partition of India was because of Mohammed Ali Jinnah, leader of the Muslim League, wanted to win greater power for the Muslims. However, the idea of ‘Pakistan’ was only thought of during the late 1930s. Another reason for the partition is because of the quick withdrawal of the British that might have caused some civil problems. Pakistan celebrated its independence on 14th august, 1947 and India on 15th August 1947. The border of the two states was only announced on 17th august. Many communities, families and farms were divided in two, but since the British delayed the announcement, they managed to avoid holding responsibility for the chaotic fighting and mass migration that had shortly followed. On January 30, 1948, Gandhi was assassinated by a young Hindu for his support of a multi-religious state while Mohammed Ali Jinnah died on September 11, 1948.
Since August 1947 until now, India and Pakistan have fought many wars over territory distributions. There were major wars and one was a minor war. The border of Jammu and Kashmir is now disordered because these regions were not formally part of the British Raj in India. However, the ruler of Kashmir agreed to join India even though having a high Muslim population in his territory, resulting in constant warfare even to this day. This conflict has claimed thousands of lives and millions of dollars, but is at least closer to a solution now than at any time since independence.
Section 2: Traveler's Description
Map of India in 1971, after the partition.
The partition of India caused a mass migration as most Muslims in the southern section of India had to migrate to the northern section to Pakistan and most Hindus in the northern section had to migrate to the southern section to the Republic of India. Around ten million people were forced to migrate and many lives were lost due to the fights that occured along the border. There were many civil wars and lots of people rioted which caused a great uproar. The migration was just chaotic as there was non-stop fighting throughout the journey.
Section 3: Pictures
Section 4: Map
Section 5: Connecting (moving on)
My topic relates to agriculture because after the partition in 1947, the Scientific Agriculture began. Jawaharlal Nehru era decided to start it and they made factories, pesticides, fertilizers and created a system that could provide water for plants. The Pant Nagar University was built in 1958 and that university researched new and better methods for agriculture. For example the Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, and the Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla. During this period of time, the population rapidly increased by 3% when the health care system became stronger. However, as the population grew, it needed more food. Therefore, in 1966, India had to import 10 million tons of food from the United States. Today, the prices of food and grains are going up steeply because people are using the land meant to grow crops to grow the grain used to make ethanol.